Notice: Your browser is not supported or outdated so some features of the site might not be available.
- Table of Contents
- Top
- Main Differences
- Design
- Display
- Interface
- Connectivity
- Configuration
- Performance
- Additional Features And Software
- Comments
Lenovo ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (2021) vs Lenovo ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (2024)
Side-by-Side Comparison
Products
Lenovo ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (2021)
Lenovo ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (2024)
Tested using Methodology v0.8
Updated Apr 06, 2023 02:35 PM
SEE PRICE
Amazon.comTested using Methodology v0.8.3
Updated May 02, 2025 03:09 PM
Unavailable
Missing store
Size16"
Operating SystemWindows 11
Size16"
Operating SystemWindows 11
Variants
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3008BUS) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11800H/RTX A2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3003LUS) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11800H/RTX A2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3007HUS) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11800H/RTX A2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y30085US) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11800H/T1200/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3007KUS) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11800H/T1200/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3003MUS) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11800H/T1200/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3008QUS) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11850H/RTX 3070/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3008GUS) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11850H/RTX 3070/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3003CUS) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11850H/RTX A2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3007JUS) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11850H/RTX A2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3008DUS) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11850H/RTX A3000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3003BUS) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11850H/T1200/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y30048US) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i9-11950H/RTX A5000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y30088US) (Deep Black - 4K/Non Touch/i7-11800H/RTX A2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y30036US) (Deep Black - 4K/Non Touch/i7-11800H/RTX A2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3003WUS) (Deep Black - 4K/Non Touch/i7-11800H/RTX A2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3008EUS) (Deep Black - 4K/Non Touch/i7-11850H/RTX A3000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3008FUS) (Deep Black - 4K/Non Touch/i7-11850H/RTX A4000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3008HUS) (Deep Black - 4K/Non Touch/i7-11850H/RTX A4000/64GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3008MUS) (Deep Black - 4K/Non Touch/i9-11950H/RTX 3080/64GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3004CUS) (Deep Black - 4K/Non Touch/i9-11950H/RTX A5000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3008KUS) (Deep Black - 4K/Non Touch/i9-11950H/RTX A5000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3008JUS) (Deep Black - 4K/Non Touch/i9-11950H/RTX A5000/64GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3008CUS) (Deep Black - 4K/Touch/i7-11800H/T1200/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3003NUS) (Deep Black - 2.5K/W-11855M/RTX A2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3003MCA) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11800H/T1200/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3004HUS) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11850H/RTX 3070/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3003BCA) (Deep Black - 2.5K/i7-11850H/T1200/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3005CUS) (Deep Black - 4K/Non Touch/i7-11800H/RTX A2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (20Y3004DUS) (Deep Black - 4K/Touch/W-11855M/RTX A2000/64GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0011US) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 1000/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0000US) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0014US) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000RUS) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 4060/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0016US) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 4060/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0002US) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 1000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0009US) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0017US) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 3000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000JUS) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 3000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000DUS) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 406016GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000HUS) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 4070/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0018US) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 4070/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000GUS) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 9 185H/RTX 2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0001US) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 9 185H/RTX 4070/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV001BUS) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 9 185H/RTX 4070/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV001CUS) (Black - 2.5k/Ultra 9 185H/RTX 4070/64GB/2TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000QUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 5 135H/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000PUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 1000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0006US) (Black - OLED/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0015US) (Black - OLED/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000MUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 2000/64GB/2TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000WUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 4060/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000NUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 7 165H//64GB/2TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000UUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 7 165H/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000CUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000AUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 2000/64GB/2TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000TUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 3000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0019US) (Black - OLED/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 3000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0007US) (Black - OLED/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 3000/64GB/2TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV001AUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 3000/64GB/2TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000KUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 4070/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000SUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 9 185H/RTX 2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000XUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 9 185H/RTX 3000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0005US) (Black - OLED/Ultra 9 185H/RTX 3000/64GB/2TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV001DUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 9 185H/RTX 3000/64GB/2TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV001EUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 9 185H/RTX 4070/64GB/4TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000VUS) (Black - OLED/Ultra 9 185H/RTX 4070/64GB2TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000EUS) (Black - WUXGA/Ultra 5 135H/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0001US) (Black - WUXGA/Ultra 5 135H/32GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0003US) (Black - WUXGA/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 1000/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0010US) (Black - WUXGA/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 1000/16GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV001FUS) (Black - WUXGA/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 1000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0008US) (Black - WUXGA/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 1000/32GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV0013US) (Black - WUXGA/Ultra 7 155H/RTX 2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV000FUS) (Black - WUXGA/Ultra 7 165H//32GB/512GB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV001KUS) (Black - WUXGA/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 1000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV001LUS) (Black - WUXGA/Ultra 7 165H/RTX 2000/32GB/1TB)
- ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (21KV002DUS) (Black - WUXGA/Ultra 9 185H/RTX 2000/32GB/1TB)
Our Verdict
Lenovo ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (2021)
Lenovo ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (2024)
The Lenovo ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (2024) is a newer version of the Lenovo ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (2021) and a much better device overall. The Gen 7 is available with more powerful CPUs and GPUs, and there are better display options as well, including a 165Hz QHD+ IPS and a 4k+ OLED panel. It also has a sturdier build, a larger and more responsive haptic touchpad, a higher quality 1440p webcam, and a significantly longer battery life.
Main Differences forSchool
School
Threshold
School
7.1
8.4
Battery
6.0
9.0
Touchpad
7.4
9.0
Build Quality
7.0
8.5
Webcam & Microphone
6.2
8.7
Full Comparison
Design
Style
Style Photo
Form Factor
Traditional (Clamshell)
Traditional (Clamshell)
Build Quality
7.0
8.5
Build Quality Photo
Hinge
9.4
9.4
Hinge Photo
Range
180°
175°
Stability
Good
Good
One Finger Lift
Yes
Yes
Portability
7.1
7.1
Dimensions Photo
Size
16"
16"
Thickness
0.9" (2.4 cm)
0.9" (2.4 cm)
Width
14.2" (36.0 cm)
14.0" (35.6 cm)
Depth
10.0" (25.5 cm)
9.7" (24.6 cm)
Volume
134.4 in³ (2,203.2 cm³)
128.3 in³ (2,101.8 cm³)
Weight
4.1 lbs (1.9 kg)
4.2 lbs (1.9 kg)
Charger Size
14.8 in³ (242.6 cm³)
14.8 in³ (242.6 cm³)
Charger Weight
1.2 lbs (0.5 kg)
1.1 lbs (0.5 kg)
Serviceability
9.1
8.2
Internals Photo
Ease Of Access
9.0
9.0
RAM Slots
2
1
Storage Slots
2
2
Replaceable Battery
Yes
Yes
Replaceable Wireless Adapter
Yes
No
In The Box
In The Box Photo
Display
Screen Specs
Display Photo
Resolution
2560 x 1600
2560 x 1600
Aspect Ratio
16:10
16:10
Pixel Density
189 PPI
189 PPI
Panel Type
IPS
IPS
Touch Screen
No
No
Screen-To-Body Ratio
85%
90%
Refresh Rate
5.9
8.1
Motion Blur
Refresh Rate
60 Hz
165 Hz
Variable Refresh Rate
No
No
Contrast
7.7
7.6
Contrast Photo
Native Contrast
1,538 : 1
1,488 : 1
Brightness
7.7
8.6
Maximum Brightness
364 cd/m²
481 cd/m²
Minimum Brightness
4 cd/m²
6 cd/m²
Reflections
7.4
8.3
Reflections Photo Off
Reflections Photo Max
Screen Finish
Matte
Matte
Total Reflections
5.16%
3.14%
Indirect Reflections
3.76%
1.85%
Calculated Direct Reflections
1.41%
1.29%
Black Uniformity
8.0
8.9
Black Uniformity Photo
Uniformity (Std. Dev.)
0.860%
0.663%
Horizontal Viewing Angle
6.3
Horizontal Viewing Angle Video
Horizontal Chroma Picture
Color Washout From Left
22°
Color Washout From Right
25°
Horizontal Hue Picture
Color Shift From Left
24°
Color Shift From Right
43°
Horizontal Lightness Picture
Brightness Loss From Left
23°
Brightness Loss From Right
27°
Black Level Raise From Left
60°
Black Level Raise From Right
60°
Gamma Shift From Left
22°
Gamma Shift From Right
26°
Vertical Viewing Angle
5.9
Vertical Viewing Angle Video
Vertical Chroma Picture
Color Washout From Below
23°
Color Washout From Above
24°
Vertical Hue Picture
Color Shift From Below
25°
Color Shift From Above
33°
Vertical Lightness Picture
Brightness Loss From Below
24°
Brightness Loss From Above
26°
Black Level Raise From Below
29°
Black Level Raise From Above
45°
Gamma Shift From Below
21°
Gamma Shift From Above
23°
Out-Of-The-Box Color Accuracy
9.0
5.7
White Balance Screencap
Gamma Curve Screencap
Color Screencap
Avg. White Balance dE
2.08
5.02
Avg. Gamma
2.12
2.25
Avg. Color dE
2.02
3.69
Avg. Color Temperature
6,870.3 K
5,704.7 K
Color Gamut
8.1
8.6
Gamut SDR
sRGB xy
96.9%
99.97%
sRGB uv
94.33%
99.91%
Adobe RGB xy
75.05%
78.58%
Adobe RGB uv
84.96%
88%
Gamut HDR
DCI P3 xy
74.73%
79.31%
DCI P3 uv
78.65%
84.71%
Rec. 2020 xy
53.97%
57.02%
Rec. 2020 uv
58.53%
62.22%
Flicker
10
10
Flicker Graph
Flicker-Free
Yes
Yes
Flicker Frequency
No Flicker
No Flicker
Flicker Active Below
0%
0%
Interface
Keyboard
8.2
8.2
Keyboard Photo
Typing Quality
8.0
8.0
Numpad
No
No
Backlighting
Adjustable
Adjustable
Key Switch Actuation Graph
Operating Force
67 gf
63 gf
Actuation Force
34 gf
30 gf
Pre-Travel
1.17 mm
1.21 mm
Total Travel
1.68 mm
1.52 mm
Touchpad
7.4
9.0
Touchpad Photo
Tracking Quality
7.5
9.0
Size
11.8 in² (75.9 cm²)
17.8 in² (114.8 cm²)
Material
Glass
Glass
Dedicated Buttons
3
No
Speakers
9.1
9.2
Frequency Response Plot
Max Volume
79 dB SPL
82 dB SPL
Standard Error @ Normal Vol. (65 dB)
4.2 dB
4.0 dB
Slope @ Normal Vol. (65 dB)
-0.3
0.9
Bass Extension (Low-Frequency Ext.)
236 Hz
220 Hz
Treble Extension (High-Frequency Ext.)
20 kHz
16 kHz
Dynamic Range Compression @ Max Vol.
0.6 dB
1.7 dB
Webcam & Microphone
6.2
8.7
Webcam Video Sample
Video Quality
5.5
8.5
Resolution
1080p
1440p
Position
Top Center
Top Center
Privacy Cover
Yes
Yes
Face Unlock
Yes
Yes
Connectivity
Ports
9.0
8.5
Ports Photo
USB-A Ports
2
1
USB-C Ports
2
3
Thunderbolt
Thunderbolt 4
Thunderbolt 4
USB-C Charging
Yes
Yes
USB-C Display Out
Yes
Yes
HDMI
2.1
2.1
DisplayPort
No
No
3.5mm Jack
Combo mic/headphone
Combo mic/headphone
Card Reader
SD UHS 2
SD Express 7.0
Ethernet
No
No
Proprietary Port
Lenovo Power Connector
Lenovo Power Connector
Security Lock
Yes
Yes
Wireless Communication
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi 6E (802.11ax)
Wi-Fi 7 (802.11be)
Bluetooth
5.2
5.4
Configuration
CPU
Brand
Intel
Intel
Model
Core i7-11800H
Core Ultra 7 165H
Core Count
8
16
Thread Count
16
22
GPU
Brand
NVIDIA
NVIDIA
Model
RTX A2000
RTX 3000 Ada Generation Laptop GPU
Dedicated/Integrated
Dedicated
Dedicated
VRAM Size
4 GB
8 GB
GPU Total Graphics Power (TGP)
60W
RAM
Capacity
32 GB
32 GB
Modules
2
1
Type
DDR4
LP-DDR5x
Speed
3,200 MHz
7,467 MHz
Storage
Advertised Capacity
1,000 GB
1,000 GB
Usable Capacity
950 GB
947 GB
Drive 1
Samsung MZVL21T0HCLR-00BL7
SK Hynix HFS001TEJ9X162N
Drive 1 Type
SSD
SSD
Drive 2
No 2nd Drive
No 2nd Drive
Drive 2 Type
No 2nd Drive
No 2nd Drive
Performance
Geekbench 5 (Synthetics)
9.4
9.9
Geekbench Image
CPU Single-Thread
1,536 points
1,791 points
CPU Multi-Thread
8,075 points
13,322 points
GPU Compute
63,846 points
129,056 points
Cinebench R23 (CPU Rendering)
9.5
10
Cinebench R23 Photo
Single-Thread
1,472 points
1,851 points
Multi-Thread
10,491 points
17,219 points
Blender (3D Rendering)
8.9
9.4
Blender Image
CPU Render Time
4.1 min
2.4 min
GPU Render Time
0.8 min
0.3 min
GPU Render Time (Optix)
23 s
13 s
Basemark GPU (Game Scene)
8.0
9.7
Basemark Image
Overall Score
55,610
113,546
Storage Drive Performance
9.6
9.6
Storage Performance Image
Sequential Write Speed
1,750.2 MB/s
1,954.2 MB/s
Sequential Read Speed
4,201.9 MB/s
4,842.6 MB/s
Random Write Speed
93.8 MB/s
97.9 MB/s
Random Read Speed
68.2 MB/s
62.1 MB/s
Battery
6.0
9.0
Capacity
90 Wh
90 Wh
Battery Life (Web Browsing)
7.9 hrs
12.3 hrs
Battery Life (Video Playback)
3.3 hrs
10.7 hrs
Battery Life (Gaming)
1.4 hrs
1.3 hrs
Charge Time
1.8 hrs
1.9 hrs
Borderlands 3
5.7
8.0
Borderlands 3 Graph
Avg. FPS
52 fps
106 fps
1% Low
28 fps
62 fps
0.1% Low
12 fps
39 fps
1% Low Delta
16 ms
7 ms
0.1% Low Delta
63 ms
16 ms
Avg. FPS On Very Low
115 fps
177 fps
Civilization VI
7.7
8.5
Civilization VI Graph
Avg. FPS
84 fps
168 fps
1% Low
53 fps
101 fps
0.1% Low
51 fps
60 fps
1% Low Delta
7 ms
4 ms
0.1% Low Delta
8 ms
11 ms
Avg. FPS On Minimum
258 fps
328 fps
Avg. Turn Time
7.65 s
7.61 s
Counter-Strike 2
8.5
CS2 Graph
Avg. FPS
183fps
1% Low
69fps
0.1% Low
49fps
1% Low Delta
9 ms
0.1% Low Delta
15 ms
Avg. FPS On Low
289fps
Shadow Of The Tomb Raider
6.8
8.0
Avg. FPS
69 fps
108 fps
1% Low
44 fps
67 fps
0.1% Low
21 fps
38 fps
1% Low Delta
8 ms
6 ms
0.1% Low Delta
34 ms
17 ms
Avg. FPS On Lowest
100 fps
124 fps
Thermals And Noise
6.7
7.2
Keyboard Temps Picture
Keyboard Temp While Idle
37 °C (98 °F)
30 °C (87 °F)
Keyboard Temp Under Load
50 °C (122 °F)
46 °C (114 °F)
Fan Noise While Idle
25.0 dBA
25.0 dBA
Fan Noise Under Load
45.0 dBA
47.5 dBA
Power & Fan Control App
No
No
Performance Over Time
8.3
7.8
Performance Over Time Graph
Performance Over Time Image
CPU Temp (Cinebench)
95 °C
99 °C
CPU Perf. Loss (Cinebench)
10% loss
15% loss
GPU Temp (Heaven)
74 °C
76 °C
GPU Perf. Loss (Heaven)
0% loss
0% loss
Counter-Strike: Global Offensive
9.4
CS:GO graph
Avg. FPS
253 fps
1% Low
132 fps
0.1% Low
76 fps
1% Low Delta
4 ms
0.1% Low Delta
9 ms
Avg. FPS On Low
420 fps
Additional Features And Software
Software
Operating System
Windows 11
Windows 11
Additional Software
Yes
Yes
Extra Features
Biometrics
Face Recognition and Fingerprint Sensor
Face Recognition and Fingerprint Sensor
RGB Illumination
No
No
Touch Pen Support
No Stylus Support
Secondary Display
No
No
Touch Pen
No
You have 10/10 free reviews left
To access
and
Become an Insider
unlimited full product reviews,
product prices
other exclusive site features
Lenovo ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (2021)
Lenovo ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (2024)
Comments
Lenovo ThinkPad P1 Gen 4 (2021) vs Lenovo ThinkPad P1 Gen 7 (2024): Main Discussion
What do you think of these products? Let us know below.
Looking for a personalized buying advice from the RTINGS.com experts? Insiders have direct access to buying advice on our insider forum.